![]() There has been speculation of a Hittite origin of the term (Salonen, p. 12 Rabin, pp. 134–136).ĭuring the Middle Ages the word entered European languages: in Middle English as dragman, from Old French drugeman, from Medieval Latin as dragumannus, from Middle Greek δραγομάνος, dragoumanos. The latter is obviously more closely related to the other languages mentioned, though both are derived from the same Semitic root. Hebrew makes a distinction between מתרגם ( metargem)-referring to a translator of written texts-and מתורגמן ( meturgeman) referring to an interpreter of spoken conversation or speeches. Deriving from the Semitic quadriliteral root t-r-g-m, it appears in Akkadian as "targumannu," in Ge'ez (Classical Ethiopic) as ትርጓም ( t-r-gw-m), and in Aramaic as targemana. In Arabic the word is ترجمان ( tarjumān), in Turkish tercüman. ![]() Temple of Jupiter, Baalbek, 1891 Etymology and variants ![]()
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